![]() In many disciplines, the author order indicates the magnitude of the contribution, with the last author usually representing the principal investigator. The meaning of the order of the listed authors varies between fields. Authors with two last names can hyphen their two last names to avoid confusing their first last name with a middle name, although the use of ORCID identifiers facilitates the disambiguation of author profiles. ![]() Authors from non-English speaking countries might have to take into account the current standards for names (two first names and one last name), to avoid confusion in the indexing processes in databases. In the last two decades, there has been an increased use of consortia authorship with very long lists of authors, usually derived from international mega-collaborations. There is a trend for the increase of the number of authors over the years, which is a reflection of globalization and the increasing complexity of medical research. In general, authors should have a significant involvement in these 4 points: (1) study concept/design, data collection or data analysis/interpretation (2) drafting/revising the manuscript, (3) approving the final version and (4) holding responsibility for accuracy and integrity of all aspects of the reported research. ![]() Table 1 provides an important number of online resources that facilitate the writing of scientific manuscripts.įollowing international recommendations for the authorship of articles in the biomedical sciences, such as the ones from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), is a fundamental topic in scientific publications, in order to avoid ghost and gift authorship practices. Īuthors should keep in mind that scientific writing is a process that involves multiple steps, takes time, dedication and inspiration, and involves patience, motivation, analytical thinking and adherence to high-quality standards. Both negative and positive results should be published, to avoid publication bias. It is fundamental to follow the current standards of research integrity (such as avoiding plagiarism and data manipulation). The success of an article depends on the quality of primary data and their analyses, on the way it is written and on the clearness of the tables and figures. If you read a word or sentence and it does not add anything, delete it. It has been suggested, when writing scientific papers, to keep it short, compact and simple, avoiding the excessive use of adjectives and adverbs. Science advances by building on what it is known and there is no point in re-inventing the wheel. The first search might be focused on the available literature reviews and meta-analyses, and key for a scientist, the technique of performing a proper literature review. One of the first steps before starting to write an article should be to read the main papers that have been previously published on the subject. The writing of manuscripts in biomedicine has its own standards, including the availability of multiple guidelines for reporting different types of studies, which are discussed in this article. In this article, we provide an updated and brief guide for the multiple dimensions needed for writing manuscripts in the health and biological sciences, from current, international and interdisciplinary perspectives and from our expertise as authors, peer reviewers and editors, extending and complementing previous publications about this topic. However, taking into account the evolving and multidimensional landscape of the publishing process, there is a need for additional updated training in the science and art of writing manuscripts for scientific journals.įew articles have been published previously about the different aspects needed for writing high-quality articles. Scientific papers are commonly used as a major input for evaluations of researchers and institutions. Publishing articles in international scientific journals is the current primary approach for the communication of validated research findings and ideas.
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